tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70776170592786586052024-03-13T08:29:58.282-04:00IT Knowledge Base & FAQSimple Answers to your IT questions.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-84711275827741747782013-08-31T01:40:00.000-04:002016-10-01T23:12:10.717-04:00View a list of Windows services and their status and export to a text file<p>If you need to get a quick list of running services on your computer or another computer on your network, you can use a number of methods to quickly generate this. You can even generate a text file so you can print the list if required. These methods work with Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008.</p><a name='more'></a>
<h2>Method 1</h2>
<p>In the Services window, the "Action" > "Export List..." menu can give you the list as a .txt or .csv file. It gives you the description column as well, but you can easily delete it using a program like Excel.</p>
<p>Press the Windows key + R on your keyboard to launch the “Run” dialog box.</p>
<p>Type in: services.msc</p>
<p>Select "Export List..." from the "Action" menu</p>
<p>Select your location, filename and file type (txt,csv,unicode) from the save dialog box</p>
<h2>Method 2:</h2>
<p>Open a command prompt.</p>
<p>Execute the following command:</p>
<pre class="brush:html">tasklist /svc</pre>
<p>To list the running services on another computer, execute the following command:</p>
<pre class="brush:html">tasklist /svc /s computer_name</pre>
<p>Where <em>computer_name</em> is the name of the desired computer.</p>
<p>to generate a textfile, execute the following (you may change the output path to your liking):</p>
<p><strong>Your computer:</strong></p>
<pre class="brush:html">tasklist /svc > tasklist.txt</pre>
<p><strong>Another computer:</strong></p>
<pre class="brush:html">tasklist /svc /s computer_name > tasklist.txt</pre>
<h2>Method 3</h2>
<p>You can also do this from Powershell.</p>
<pre class="brush:html">Get-Service | Export-Csv -path "C:\services.csv" </pre>
<p>Besides, you can filter the list. For example, you can get only the started services by executing the following command:</p>
<pre class="brush:html">Get-Service | where {$_.Status -eq "Running"} | Export-Csv -path "C:\services.csv"</pre>
<h2>Method 4</h2>
<p>Without using powershell, this lists running services:</p>
<pre class="brush:html"> sc query > running_services.txt </pre>
<p>This lists all services, running or not:</p>
<pre class="brush:html"> sc query state= all > all_services.txt</pre>
<h2>Method 5</h2>
<p>You can also use net start to get the list of the running services.
<pre class="brush:html">net start</pre>
<h2>Get a List of All Running Processes from the Command Line</h2>
<p> Open a command prompt.</p>
<p> Execute the following command:</p>
<pre class="brush:html">wmic process get description,executablepath</pre>
<p>To list the processes on another computer, execute the following command:</p>
<pre class="brush:html">wmic /node: process get description,executablepath</pre>
<p>Where <em>computer name</em> is the name of the desired computer.</p>
<p>to generate a textfile, execute the following (make sure to change the output path to your liking):</p>
<p><strong>Your computer:</strong></p>
<pre class="brush:html">wmic /output:d:\process.txt process get description,executablepath</pre>
<p><strong>Another computer:</strong></p>
<pre class="brush:html">wmic /node: /output:d:\process.txt process get description,executablepath</pre>
Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-5534541152435087042013-08-29T02:15:00.000-04:002013-08-29T02:15:42.660-04:00Sysinternals BGInfo - automatic startup<p>BGInfo is a great utility to display machine information in the Desktop Background. Having the information displayed for the systems that you’re working with, makes it very easy to see some of the basic information about the machine and lets you know quickly which servers or VM you connected to. This utility comes from the Sysinternals suite and is available for download at <a title="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-US/sysinternals" href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-US/sysinternals" target="_blank">Microsoft Technet Sysinternals</a>.</p><a name='more'></a>
<p>Bginfo is often a necessity in a server or lab environment, but it can be used anywhere. Some of the most popular information to display is:</p>
<ul>
<li>OS version</li>
<li>SP version</li>
<li>IP address</li>
<li>Boot time</li>
<li>Disk “Free Space”</li>
</ul>
<p>…but there are lot's more options. In fact, you can configure bginfo to display just about any attribute of the system.</p>
<h2>Automatically Run at Startup</h2>
<p>It's best to run bginfo at startup silently and unattended. To do so, you need to edit the following registry key:</p>
<pre>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run</pre>
<p>Create a new REG_SZ value under the “Run” key named “bginfo”, or whatever you want. The value of the key will be the path to bginfo.exe, and any parameters you want to pass. The three most common are: /silent /accepteula /timer:0 to run bginfo silently at startup. Don't use the /all parameter. For some reason unless the user has admin rights, using the /ALL switch throws up an error message.</p>
<p>Something else to be aware of — especially if you intend to run bginfo in an enterprise with UAC turned on and GPOs applied — is to keep the output bitmap file in a location that the logged on user has write permissions. The reason for this is that bginfo runs in the user context to display on the user’s desktop; and because the information is “dynamic” — at least at each user logon — the output bitmap file needs to be updated. You can change where bginfo stores the .bmp under the Bitmap -> Location… menu. The default location is in the user’s TEMP directory, which should be okay.</p>
Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-31005348042792804622013-08-24T02:38:00.000-04:002013-08-24T02:44:15.817-04:00Free, Simple and Fast backup of VMWare ESXi 5.x Virtual Servers<p>The free version of VMware ESXi still lacks a decent way of backing up virtual machines. You need to purchase a license for that feature. There's a simple new tool available that will allow you to perform backups of multiple live vm's and more.</p><a name='more'></a>
<p>
There are some third party options, but most are difficult to setup and many don´t work on esxi. You can configure and use <a href="http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-8760">ghettovcb.sh</a>, but that is no straight forward. I´ve been using <a href="http://www.magikmon.com/mksbackup/">mksbackup</a> which worked fine in ESXi 4.x but transfer speed via ftp were poor. Additionally, in ESXi 5.x the ftpput utility is missing and MKSBackup still relies on ghettovcb and also requires you to upload ftpput to your server.</p>
<p>
The author of mksbackup, Alain Spineux has developed a new tool that does away with the need for ghettovcb.sh, ftpput and all that configuration. It´s called <a href="http://www.magiksys.net/bazaarvcb/index.html">bazaarvcb</a> and is a single executable for Windows and Linux that lets you make backups and even restore them with a simple command-line tool.</p>
<p>
Here is a sample script that can backup all vm's on a specific server. It's also configured to use gmail for those who don't have access to a smtp server. It's fully commented so it's really easy to modify without resorting to the man pages.<p>
<br />
<pre class="brush:html">@echo off
REM vmname -the name or the .vmx path
set vms=ubuntusrv1,ubuntusrv2,windowsserver1,web01
REM host options:
REM -H HOST, --host HOST hostname or ip address of the ESXi server
set esxihost=192.168.0.10
REM -P PORT, --port PORT port
REM -u USER, --user username
set user=root
REM -p PASSWORD, --password PASSWORD password
set pass=password
REM --roll-out COUNT the number of backup to keep, 0 to never roll, greater than 0 to roll before to backup
set rollout=3
REM --disk-format {zeroedthick,eagerzeroedthick,thin,2gbsparse} only for remote backup, when vmkfstools is used, default is to keep the same format
set diskformat=zeroedthick
REM mail options:
REM --mail {always,never,error} when to send an email, default is never
set mailsend=error
REM --mail-host HOST -name or IP of the mail relay
set mailhost=smtp.gmail.com
REM --mail-port PORT -tcp port of the mail relay, (default depend of mode)
set mailport=587
REM --mail-mode {normal,ssl,tls} S-MTP protocol
set mailmode=tls
REM --mail-login LOGIN -login for the mail relay
set maillogin=sender@gmail.com
REM --mail-password PASS -password for the mail relay
set mailpassword=password
REM --mail-sender SENDER -email address of the sender
set mailsender=sender@gmail.com
REM --mail-recipient RECIPIENT -email address of one recipient, you can use multiple option
set mailrecipient=recipient@gmail.com
REM --mail-header HEADER -email address of one recipient, you can use multiple option
REM target local or remote directory where to backup the VM
set backuptarget=C:\backup
for %%V in (%vms%) do bazaarvcb.exe backup -H %esxihost% -u %user% -p %pass% --hashing --roll-out %rollout% --mail %mailsend% --mail-host %mailhost% --mail-port %mailport% --mail-mode %mailmode% --mail-login %maillogin% --mail-password %mailpassword% --mail-sender %mailsender% --mail-recipient %mailrecipient% --mail-header "Backup error %%V" --disk-format %diskformat% %%V %backuptarget%\%%V\
</pre>
Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-63299352672239321982013-08-14T20:41:00.001-04:002013-08-14T20:47:55.646-04:00Stop All Exchange Server 2003 Services on a Server<p>There are several services involved with Exchange Server. Stopping different services will accomplish different things. The services are interdependent, so when you stop or start various services you may see a message about having to stop dependent services. If you do stop dependent services, don’t forget to restart them again when you restart the service you began with.</p>
<a name='more'></a><p>To stop all Exchange Server 2003 services on a server. you must stop System Attendant, IIS Admin service, ExIFS, and SRS (if this service is running), and all dependent services.</p>
<h2>Procedure</h2>
<p>To stop System Attendant and all its dependent services, use the command:</p><pre class="brush:html">net stop MSExchangeSA /y</pre>
<p>To stop all IIS engines, use the command:</p><pre class="brush:html">net stop IISAdmin /y</pre>
<p>To stop the Exchange installable file system (ExIFS) driver, use the command</p><pre class="brush:html">net stop ExIFS</pre>
<p>To stop SRS (if running), use the command:</p><pre class="brush:html">net stop MSExchangeSRS</pre>
<p>The easiest way to restart all services is to reboot the server.</p>Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-63184533515681949722013-06-16T01:10:00.001-04:002013-06-16T01:58:51.947-04:00Asterisk / FreePBX FeaturesFreePBX, the opensource GUI (graphical user interface) that controls and manages the Asterisk telephony server offers a rich and flexible feature set. It offers both classical PBX functionality and advanced features, and interoperates with traditional standards-based telephony systems and Voice over IP (VoIP) systems. FreePBX includes many features available in proprietary PBX systems.
<a name='more'></a>
<a name="top"></a>
<h1>FreePBX Features</h1>
<ol>
<li><a href="#27">FreePBX User Panel</a></li>
<li><a href="#30">Call Waiting</a></li>
<li><a href="#32">Caller ID</a></li>
<li><a href="#4">Call Transfer</a></li>
<li><a href="#5">Call Parking</a></li>
<li><a href="#6">Call Forwarding</a></li>
<li><a href="#7">Call Recording</a></li>
<li><a href="#36">Call Reporting</a></li>
<li><a href="#8">Voicemail</a></li>
<li><a href="#35">Voicemail to Email</a></li>
<li><a href="#9">Follow Me</a></li>
<li><a href="#10">VMX Locater</a></li>
<li><a href="#11">Auto-Attendant/IVR</a></li>
<li><a href="#12">Do Not Disturb</a></li>
<li><a href="#13">Call Queues</a></li>
<li><a href="#14">Music On Hold</a></li>
<li><a href="#15">Office Hours</a></li>
<li><a href="#16">Call Screening</a></li>
<li><a href="#17">Instant Call Control</a></li>
<li><a href="#18">Ring Groups</a></li>
<li><a href="#19">Conference Rooms</a></li>
<li><a href="#20">Phone Directory</a></li>
<li><a href="#21">Intercom & Paging</a></li>
<li><a href="#22">Busy Lamp Field (BLF)</a></li>
<li><a href="#23">Call Spy</a></li>
<li><a href="#24">Direct Inward System Access (DISA)</a></li>
<li><a href="#25">Application/Browser</a></li>
<li><a href="#26">Dictation</a></li>
<li><a href="#28">Remote Users</a></li>
<li><a href="#33">Multiple Offices</a></li>
</ol>
<div></div>
<a name="27"></a>
<h2>FreePBX User Panel</h2>
<p>The FreePBX User Panel allows users to login and modify phone settings relating to a particular extension. Depending on how your FreePBX is setup, it can be accessed in different ways. Typically, the FreePBX User Panel can be accessed by typing "http://FreePBXServer/" into any web browser.</p>
<p>The FreePBX User Panel allows users to:</p>
<ul>
<li>Review call logs</li>
<li>Listen to <a href="#7">call recordings</a> and <a href="#8">voicemail</a> messages (Quicktime must be installed)</li>
<li>Configure <a href="#9">Follow-Me</a> and <a href="#10">VMX Locater</a> settings</li>
<li>Configure <a href="#8">voicemail</a> settings</li>
<li>Enable/Disable phone features such as <a href="#30">call waiting</a>, <a href="#12">DND</a>, ringtimer, and more...</li>
</ul>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="30"><h2>Call Waiting</h2></a>
<p>Call waiting is a basic FreePBX feature which allows for an additional call to be answered by a phone user who is already involved in a call. The user is notified by a distinct beeping sound, and can either accept the additional call, or reject it (thus sending it to the <strong>busy <a href="#8">voicemail</a></strong> message).</p>
<p> An example of this in use would be when a user is on the phone, and receives an additional call. The additional call can either be answered or declined, based on the user's preference at the time.</p>
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<a name="32"><h2>Caller ID</h2></a>
<p>Caller ID is a standard FreePBX feature which enables incoming calls to be identified by their Caller ID. An incoming caller's ID is displayed on the users phone screen.</p>
<p> Similarly, all FreePBX extensions can be set to display a certain Caller ID when making outgoing calls. This is useful if a particular phone belongs to a particular department or if an individual wishes to display his/her direct number when placing outgoing calls.</p>
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<a name="4"></a>
<h2>Call Transfer</h2>
<p>This essential phone feature allows users to transfer calls from their phone. Calls can be transferred to another user, <a href="#8">voicemail</a>, an external number, and other destinations.</p>
<p> Call transfers can be done in two distinct ways. The first method is called a <strong>Blind Transfer</strong> and it will connect two calls immediately. The second is called an <strong>Attended Transfer</strong>, and this method connects the person making the transfer with the intended recipient first. This gives the transferring user a chance to inform the recipient who is on the line before the actual transfer is made.</p>
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<a name="5"></a>
<h2>Call Parking</h2>
<p>Call parking enables a call to be placed in a call parking lot with an assigned number. This parked call can be picked up by any user with any phone. The caller who is placed in the call parking lot will have <a href="#14">on-hold music</a> played to them while they are awaiting a pick-up. Calls are assigned specific parking lot numbers upon transfer. The parking lot number is essential to this system, so <strong>it is imperative that the person transferring the call notes which parking lot number the call is placed in</strong> - the number is read to the transferring user after dialling the extension for the parking lot. Calls can be answered simply by dialling the parking lot number.</p>
<p> This system is extremely useful when there are phones located where there may be more than 1 user (e.g. factory floor, newsroom, meeting room, etc...). Calls can be placed in a parking lot, and the receptionist can simply contact who the intended recipient is and tell them the code to access the call (e.g. "Jill your husband is on line 76" - Jill simply dials 76 on any phone and is connected to her husband).</p>
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<a name="6"></a>
<h2>Call Forwarding</h2>
<p>This feature allows calls which would usually originate at a given location to be forwarded to another. Once call forwarding is activated, all calls are redirected to the intended destination immediately. Calls can be forwarded to another extension, phone number (such as a cell phone), an <a href="#11">IVR</a>, and more.</p>
<p> An example of this feature would be if a particular user had to leave the office for a given amount of time and wanted to receive their phone calls at another location.</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="7"></a>
<h2>Call Recording</h2>
<p>Call recording is a useful feature which enables a calling or called party to record a conversation using their phone. Call recording can be set to always record, never record, or record strictly on an on-demand basis.</p>
<p> Call recording can be useful for training and/or quality assurance. Some jurisdictions/countries do not allow a call to be recorded without prior consent, please check your local laws before recording a phone call.</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="36"></a>
<h2>Call Reporting</h2>
<p>PirayaTel gives you the ability to view all phone calls in a graphical interface. FreePBX allows you to filter by date, extension, user, duration, and more. Totals are calculated based on the filter settings, and are displayed graphically in a number of ways.</p>
<p> This is useful for businesses who need to keep tabs on phone calls and certain individuals/extensions who cannot be directly observed or monitored constantly.</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="8"></a>
<h2>Voicemail</h2>
<p>Voicemail is perhaps one of the most known and used feature of a phone system. Voicemail allows callers to leave a voice message which can be played back at a later date/time. By default, voicemails have two separate conditions/messages which can be played.
</p>
<ol>
<li>'<strong>unavailable calls</strong>' - when calls are un-answered</li>
<li>'<strong>busy calls</strong>' - when a user sets their phone to <a href="#12">Do Not Disturb</a> mode (click for more info)</li>
</ol>
<p>When a call reaches a users voicemail, the caller is prompted to leave a message after a pre-recorded (or automated) message. Additional options can be set to route calls should they reach a users voicemail (see <a href="#10">VMX Locater</a> for more information).</p>
<p> FreePBX's are capable of supporting hundreds of separate voicemail boxes. FreePBX's also have <a href="#35">voicemail to email</a> functionality, which allows voicemail messages to be delivered directly to a users email address where they can be listened to without the use of their desk phone.
</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="35"></a>
<h2>Voicemail to Email</h2>
<p>The voicemail to email FreePBX feature is a subscribed feature which when enabled, sends a copy of a user's voicemail message to their specified email address. This feature allows users to listen to their voicemail messages via email or smart-phone device without having to physically use their desk-phone.</p>
<p> This feature has many inherent advantages, however due to requirements which necessitate the use of an external email server, subscription to our voicemail to email service may be mandatory in order for this feature to function.</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="9"></a>
<h2>Follow Me</h2>
<p>This feature is controlled in the <a href="#27">FreePBX User Panel</a>.</p>
<p> Once enabled, the follow me feature will direct calls to alternate extensions/external destinations (such as mobile or landline) should a call persist (ring) longer than the defined number of seconds. At first, the system will ring the initial extension for the defined number of seconds (we recommend 15 seconds). Once the defined duration expires, the system directs the call to ring the extension(s) and/or external destinations listed as follow me numbers. The call can be accepted or rejected by an external device (such as a mobile phone) without the caller having knowledge of this. A rejection will ultimately send the call to the first (original) extension's busy <a href="#8">voicemail</a>*.</p>
<p> This feature ensures that a caller will never reach an external device's voicemail system. This is extremely beneficial because this ensures that follow me destination <a href="#8">voicemails</a>(such as a mobile user's personal <a href="#8">voicemail</a>) is never reached. Keep in mind that once a call is answered on an external device, it cannot be transferred back into the system (e.g. to an extension, <a href="#18">ring group</a>, <a href="#13">call queue</a>, etc...).</p>
<p> * The phone system is capable of routing the final (unanswered) call to many different destinations (such as <a href="#8">voicemails</a>, other extensions, <a href="#11">IVR's</a>, <a href="#13">call queues</a>, and more). This is an advanced feature of follow me and requires additional configuration. Contact a PirayaTel representative for more details.</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="10"></a>
<h2>VMX Locater</h2>
<p>This feature is controlled in the <a href="#27">FreePBX User Panel</a>.</p>
<p> The VMX (Virtual Machine eXtension) locator allows for advanced control of a user's <a href="#8">voicemail</a> system. It is somewhat similar to the <a href="#9">Follow Me</a> feature; however it gives callers more control. In essence, the VMX locater is a mini-<a href="#11">IVR</a> (interactive voice response) for <a href="#8">voicemail</a>.</p>
<p> When a caller reaches a user's VMX Locater, they are presented with a recorded message. This message would indicate to them that there are options in addition to simply leaving a message. Typically, VMX Locater voicemails would give callers the option of leaving a message OR attempting to contact the intended party. VMX Locater can be configured to work with 'unavailable' and/or 'busy' <a href="#8">voicemails</a>.</p>
<p> For example, a caller reaches your <a href="#8">voicemail</a>, and is given the option to: press 1 to call your mobile, press 2 to reach the Vancouver office, press 0 to reach reception, or leave a message. This ensures that the caller is able to contact an appropriate party should they want to, or simply leave a message.</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="11"></a>
<h2>Auto-Attendant/IVR</h2>
<p>An Interactive Voice Response(IVR)/Auto-attendant feature is perhaps one of the most desirable features for a business PBX. An IVR plays an automated message to all incoming callers. This message plays to the caller, specifies the options which are available to them, and subsequently prompts them to make their selection based on the nature of the call. Once the caller chooses the appropriate option, the call can be routed to the intended party, extension, department, etc. IVR's are very robust and efficient tools in any business environment, and work to decrease the amount of time spent needlessly on the phone with a caller. Since the entire system is fully automated, calls are routed with more efficiency, and employees are able to maximize their productivity.</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="12"></a>
<h2>Do Not Disturb</h2>
<p>The do not disturb feature allows users to set a condition on their handset phones which would automatically reject a call. This is somewhat similar to <a href="#6">call forwarding</a>, except that any incoming call will terminate to the users 'busy' <a href="#8">voicemail</a> (regular unanswered calls terminate to the 'unavailable' <a href="#8">voicemail</a>). This feature is useful when a user is occupied with an important task and cannot afford to take a call (e.g. important meeting, important task, eating lunch, etc...).</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="13"></a>
<h2>Call Queues</h2>
<p>A Call Queue is a feature which places callers into a regulated on-hold system of priority such that the caller with the highest priority (usually the caller on hold the longest) is answered before a caller with a lower one. Call Queues are extremely useful when handling a large number of incoming callers at the same time. Callers can be placed in a queue to be answered by the first available representative (support representative), or placed in a queue which can be answered by a specific agent (sales rep.). While a caller is waiting in a queue, special <a href="#14">music on hold</a> and/or messages can be played to them. Users are also able to log in and out of certain queues. This can be useful for users who wish to take lunch and not have their phone ring, or for situations where additional agents can be of use.</p>
<p> Queued calls have numerous options and configurations associated with them. A few of them as follows: </p>
<ul>
<li>Call recording</li>
<li>Agent ring options</li>
<ul>
<li>Ring all agents</li>
<li>Ring available agents only</li>
<li>Ring certain agents only</li>
<li>Alert agent how long a caller has been holding prior to answering call</li>
</ul>
<li>Call queue 'weight' to apply priority to calls from different queues which would be answered by one group of agents (i.e. support calls are higher priority than sales)</li>
<li>Fully customizable timing and messaging options (how long a caller waits on hold, how often to play a message, automated message which estimates on-hold time, and more...)</li>
</ul>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>
<a name="14"></a>
<h2>Music On Hold</h2>
<p>Music on hold is a feature which plays music to callers who have been placed on <a href="#3">hold</a> or are currently in a <a href="#13">call queue</a>. The music can be customized to play music pertaining to the demographic base of the callers, or simply present the callers with a number of custom recorded messages relating to the potential nature of the call.</p>
<p> An example of this would be to record a message which can then play every X seconds indicating that the call is "important to us and will be answered in priority sequence".</p>
<p> Another option is to record a message which can be played to callers to inform them of a potential issue which has been made aware (e.g. "we are currently aware of the escaped monkeys and are working to apprehend them. If this call is not concerning the ravenous monkeys, then please continue holding").</p>
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<a name="15"></a>
<h2>Office Hours</h2>
<p>The Office Hours feature makes it possible to route a call based on the time, day of the week, or month. This feature can be useful for routing calls differently after business hours, during weekends, holidays, etc. A good example of this feature in use would be to play to callers a message indicating that the business is currently closed. The message can then inform the caller of the regular business hours and prompt them to leave a message or simply call back during business hours.</p>
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<a name="16"></a>
<h2>Call Screening</h2>
<p>The Call Screening feature, when enabled, prevents a number from calling into the phone system. This is useful to prevent unwanted calling/solicitation, prevent harassment and/or abuse, stop telemarketing companies who just won't give up, and more.</p>
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<a name="17"></a>
<h2>Instant Call Control</h2>
<p>The Call Flow Control feature is a unique feature which gives control over the routing of incoming calls with the use of feature codes. This feature is useful in a situation where an incoming number/route would need to be changed on-the-fly.</p>
<p> A good example of this feature in use would be when an office closes for the day. A receptionist (or user) simply dials the code (or presses the <a href="#22">BLF</a> button assigned to it) to enable or disable the Call Flow Control.
For example:</p>
<ul>
<li>When the Call Flow Control is enabled <font color="green">(green BLF)</font>, all incoming calls will be directed to the standard IVR (or extension 200 if no IVR is present).</li>
<li>When Call Flow Control is disabled <font color="red">(red BLF)</font>, all incoming calls will be directed to an <a href="#11">IVR</a> which alerts the caller that the office is closed.</li>
</ul>
This <a href="#11">IVR</a> message should explain to the user that they may press 1 to leave a message with reception (extension 200 by default) or call back during regular business hours.
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<a name="18"></a>
<h2>Ring Groups</h2>
<p>Your FreePBX is capable of grouping together many extensions into a single dialled extension. For example, if there are sales agents with extensions 220, 221, 222, and 223, then it is possible to assign a 'Sales' ring group which when dialled, will call all of the phones simultaneously.</p>
<p> Additional options can be configured such as: the ring strategy (ring all, ring sequentially, ring first available, and more), max ring time, announcement (to be played to the caller prior to dialling the group), whether to ring or play music, and more.</p>
<p> This feature is useful for <a href="#11">IVR's</a> and <a href="#13">call queues</a> as incoming calls can be directed to an entire department with ease. This can also be useful if you wish to contact a group of phones internally (technical support agents). It is as simple as assigning those phones to a ring group (such as 601), and dialling it from any system phone.</p>
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<a name="19"></a>
<h2>Conference Rooms</h2>
<p>The conference room feature of your FreePBX works to create a meeting room whereby users (both internally and externally) can call in and talk to one another. Conference rooms can be moderated by an admin user, and as well can be password protected to prevent unwanted callers from accessing it. The conference room can be accessed by users internally by dialling the conference room access number. The conference room can be accessed by external users by entering a numerical code after dialling a number.</p>
<p> For example, your conference room can be linked to your <a href="#11">IVR</a> message without anyone ever knowing. A caller would dial your regular business number, and once they reached the <a href="#11">IVR</a> message, they would enter the access code (#XXX) followed by the password, and they would be connected to the conference room.</p>
<p> Conference's can easily be setup by contacting one or more parties via extension dialling. This conference, however, has restricted functionality, and may not work with outside parties.</p>
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<a name="20"></a>
<h2>Phone Directory</h2>
<p>This is a feature which can be accessed both externally and internally. When the directory is called, the caller is prompted to enter the first three letters of a user's first or last name. The directory will then search and match the input to the most probable user and play back that user's name for verification.</p>
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<a name="21"></a>
<h2>Intercom & Paging</h2>
<p>An intercom is a great feature to have in an environment where messages need to quickly be relayed to users across distances or offices. Paging/Intercom allows users to contact each other directly and immediately through the <a href="#2">speakerphone</a> (intercom and paging are automatically answered).</p>
<p> Intercom allows one user to contact another user (or users in a ring group) instantly. All parties are able to speak and listen to each other.</p>
<p> Paging allows one user to contact a group of users simultaneously. This differs from the intercom feature due to the fact that it is a one-way audio signal, meaning that those being paged cannot speak back to the pager.</p>
<p> These two features have many advantageous uses. One such use would be efficient in a large work environment such as a warehouse or large office. If a user had an important message to relay to the entire office, they would simply dial the page code which contacted all departments/offices, and speak the message. Everyone (save for those on the phone) would instantly be notified.</p>
<p> Note: Intercom and paging may not work on certain phones. Intercom and paging are not available on the FreePBX Hosted phone system.</p>
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<a name="22"></a>
<h2>Busy Lamp Field (BLF)</h2>
<p>Busy Lamp Field (BLF) is a lighted (green or red) indicator on your phone (or expansion module) which can be configured to indicate the status of certain conditions/features of FreePBX.
Examples of BLF which can indicate status are:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Whether an extension is in use (whether a user is on the phone or not)</li>
<li>Speed-dial when key is pressed</li>
<li>Whether or not there is a <a href="#5">call parked</a> (awaiting retrieval by someone)</li>
<li>Whether <a href="#17">Call Flow Control</a> has been enabled/disabled (useful for turning on/off open/closed <a href="#11">IVR</a> - with a simple button press)</li>
</ul>
A good example of the 'extension in use' BLF would be if someone calls in and wishes to reach Jim at extension 220. The receptionist would take a look at the BLF panel on their phone and see that Jim is on his phone (the light next to Jim's name is RED), the receptionist can then ask the caller whether or not they would like to leave a message, or try back later. If the caller wants to leave a message, the receptionist simply transfers the call directly to Jim's <a href="#8">voicemail</a> (*220).
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<a name="23"></a>
<h2>Call Spy</h2>
<p>The Call Spy feature enables certain privileged users to listen in on any phone call. This feature does not allow the user using call spy to interact with any member of the call being spied on. This feature also does not alert the party being spied on that someone else is listening.</p>
<p> This feature can be useful if an executive wishes to listen to an active call live without the call party knowing.</p>
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<a name="24"></a>
<h2>Direct Inward System Access (DISA)</h2>
<p>Direct Inward System Access (DISA) is a system feature which allows a user to access the phone system from external sources. This feature allows users (for example, on a mobile device) to connect into the phone system in order to check <a href="#8">voicemail</a>, place calls, dial extensions, and more. This feature works by prompting users to first dial an applicable number (this can be your regular business number or a special number specifically for this purpose), then (this is strongly recommended) dial a special feature code which will then prompt the user to enter a special PIN code. After entering the credentials, the user has access to your system almost as if they were at their desk.</p>
<p> An example of this would be if an employee needed to contact a client when they are not currently in the office. The employee could dial the special number, enter the feature code (#XXXXX), enter the PIN (XXXXX), and proceed to place a call. This is beneficial if the employee (or employer) only wanted clients to see the work <a href="#32">caller ID</a> number, and not the employee's personal or work mobile <a href="#32">caller ID</a>. Another unique benefit to this feature is that the caller can use the phone system's long distance service without worrying about paying ridiculous mobile long distance per-minute fees. In effect, DISA can work to be a calling card for employees.</p>
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<a name="25"></a>
<h2>Application/Browser</h2>
<p>The browser application of certain phones allows for extreme IP phone functionality and flexibility. In essence, the browser application screen on your phone works like a web-browser, with some limitations. These browsers connect to the Internet to provide users with information such as weather, traffic, finance, world news, and more. These browsers are fully customizable, and be configured to display a vast array of information to users.</p>
<p> An example of this would be if a travel agent wished to provide forecast information to a particular destination. The user could simply select their browser while on the phone with a client, and read back the information in real-time without having to use a computer. There are many distinct advantages of the browser feature; however, it is only accessible on certain phones.</p>
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<a name="26"></a>
<h2>Dictation</h2>
<p>Dictation is a useful feature which allows a user to record audio from their phone. The recording can then be sent to any email address specified to be listened to later.
This can be useful for many scenarios such as:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Meetings</li>
<li>Legal Proceedings</li>
<li>Dictation to be typed out at a later date</li>
<li>And more</li>
</ul>
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<a name="28"></a>
<h2>Remote Users</h2>
<p>FreePBX's support the ability to add Remote Users. A Remote User is a phone system user who is not located in the office, yet still connects and has the same functionality of an office user. The Remote User must have their remote phone configured to connect to the FreePBX located at the central office.</p>
<p> Remote Users allow an individual to work from anywhere in the world, and calls can be placed and received just as if they were sitting at a desk in the office. This is an extremely useful feature which can be taken advantage of in a multitude of situations and scenarios (e.g. employees working from home, employees who are often travelling, employees in another city, country, and more).</p>
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<a name="33"></a>
<h2>Multiple Offices</h2>
<p>Many businesses have multiple offices. Whether separated by large geographical areas, or by several floors, and depending on whether there are numerous employees at each office, it can be necessary to provide a FreePBX to each office. Multiple FreePBX's in multiple offices are able to work in tandem, and is recommended in situations where there is a large employee base (usually 15-20+) in each individual office. This is highly recommended if offices are separated by large geographical margins (e.g. 3 offices with 20+ personnel located in Toronto, Los Angeles, and Miami - it is highly recommended that there be 3 separate FreePBX's).</p>
<p> The beauty of multiple FreePBX's, is that they can be configured to work together flawlessly. Almost every FreePBX feature can work between offices (e.g. conferences can be held between offices, calls can be transferred from one office to another, employees can call each other <strong>free of charge</strong>, and more).</p>
<span class="top" style="float:right;"><a href="#top">[top]</a></span>Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-78238889094275173592013-06-15T02:00:00.000-04:002013-06-15T04:17:54.077-04:00Setup a SIP trunk using FreePBX<p>Asterisk configuration is often confusing and frustrating. The FreePBX GUI simplifies the many tedious configuration tasks in Asterisk. The following guide will walk through the steps to set up a SIP trunk using FreePBX.</p><p><a name='more'></a></p>
<h2>Prerequisites</h2>
<ol>
<li>A functioning Asterisk server with FreePBX.</li>
<li>SIP trunk info from a SIP provider. We'll be using Broadvoice.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Setup the SIP Trunk</h2>
<p>Open up a web browser and go to your Asterisk server web interface:<pre>http://[Server Name or IP]/admin/</pre>Login as "admin" or "maint" (depending on your system).</p>
<p>Now, on the left, under <b>Basic</b> click <b>Trunks</b>, you should see a selection of trunk types, like this:</p>
<b><font size="+2">Add a Trunk</font></b>
<font color="blue"><p> Add SIP Trunk</p>
<p> Add DAHDi Trunk</p>
<p> Add Zap Trunk (DAHDi compatibility mode)</p>
<p>Add IAX2 Trunk</p></font>
<p>Click <b>Add SIP Trunk</b>. We are now presented with a page that we must fill in with our trunk info.</p>
<h3>General Settings</h3>
<p>In the <b>Outbound Caller ID</b> field, you can enter a caller ID, but it may not do anything. So, we'll skip this field. We'll also leave the <b>Never Override CallerID</b> unchecked.</p>
<p>For the <b>Maximum Channels</b> field, we'll put in <b>1</b>. This is because the plan we are using in this guide only allows 1 incoming call at a time.</p>
<p>Leave the <b>Disable Trunk</b> and <b>Monitor Trunk Failures</b> at their defaults.</p>
<h3>Dialed Number Manipulation Rules (Outgoing Dial Rules)</h3>
<p>Dial rules are powerful, yet quite simple to learn. These rules can manipulate the dialed number before sending it out this trunk. If no rule applies, the number is not changed. The original dialed number is passed down from the route where some manipulation may have already occurred. This trunk has the option to further manipulate the number.
<p>Dial rules follow the following basic format:</p>
<pre>("prepend") + "prefix" | "match pattern"</pre>
<p>If the number matches the combined values in the <b>prefix</b> plus the <b>match pattern</b> boxes, the rule will be applied and all subsequent rules ignored. Upon a match, the <b>prefix</b>, if defined, will be stripped. Next the <b>prepend</b> will be inserted in front of the <b>match pattern</b> and the resulting number will be sent to the trunk. All fields are optional.</p>
<p><b>Rules:</b></p>
<ul>
<li><b>X</b> matches any digit from 0-9</li>
<li><b>Z</b> matches any digit from 1-9</li>
<li><b>N</b> matches any digit from 2-9</li>
<li><b>[1237-9]</b> matches any digit in the brackets (example: 1,2,3,7,8,9)</li>
<li> <b>.</b> wildcard, matches one or more dialed digits</li>
<li><b>+</b> Adds a number onto the dialed digits.</li>
<li><b>|</b> Subtracts a number from the dialed digits.</li>
<li> <b>prepend:</b> Digits to prepend upon a successful match. If the dialed number matches the patterns in the <b>prefix</b> and <b>match pattern</b> boxes, this will be prepended before sending to the trunk.</li>
<li><b>prefix:</b> Prefix to remove upon a successful match. If the dialed number matches this plus the <b>match pattern</b> box, this prefix is removed before adding the optional <b>prepend</b> box and sending the results to the trunk.</li>
<li><b>match pattern:</b> The dialed number will be compared against the <b>prefix</b> plus this pattern. Upon a match, this portion of the number will be sent to the trunks after removing the <b>prefix</b> and appending the <b>prepend</b> digits.
You can completely replace a number by matching on the <b>prefix</b> only, replacing it with a <b>prepend</b> and leaving the <b>match pattern</b> blank. </li>
</ul>
<p>In the following examples, we'll use dialing rules to modify numbers for US 10-digit dialing.</p>
<pre>1+NXXNXXXXXX
1416+NXXXXXX
9|.</pre>
<p>Let's examine what these mean:<br />
We'll start with the first one. (<span class="pre">1+NXXNXXXXXX</span>)<br />
<br />
<span class="pre">1+</span> means prepends "1" to the number.<br />
<span class="pre">N</span> means match any number between 2 and 9.<br />
<span class="pre">X</span> means match any number between 0 and 9.<br />
This would match a number like, say <span class="pre">416-515-1234</span> and turn it into <span class="pre">1-416-555-1234</span> before sending it to the SIP servers.<br />
<br />
So, the next one (<span class="pre">1416+NXXXXXX</span>) goes like this:<br />
<span class="pre">1416+</span> prepends "1416" to the number.<br />
<span class="pre">N</span> matches any number between 2 and 9.<br />
<span class="pre">X</span> matches any number between 0 and 9.<br />
So then this one would match a number like, <span class="pre">555-1234</span> and turn it into <span class="pre">1-416-555-1234</span> before sending it to the SIP servers.<br>
<br />
In the third example (9|.)<br>
9| prefix or remove "9" from the number. This is normally added to route calls to a trunk. So the user would dial "9" to dial-out from this trunk.<br>
. The period or dot "." is a wildcard that matches one or more digits so this will allow any type of call to use this trunk.<br>
So then this one would match any number with a prefix 9, strip the 9 from the number and send the rest of the number to the SIP servers.
<p>The <b>Outbound Dial Prefix</b> field prefixes a number to <i>all</i> numbers dialed through this trunk. For most cases including this example, we will leave it blank. However, if this is a trunk to another Asterisk server or a Centrex line, you many need to put "9" in this box to access an outside line.</p>
<h3>Outgoing Settings</h3>
Under <b>Outgoing Settings</b>, we see the field <b>Trunk Name</b>. We'll put "Broadvoice" in this box.</p>
<p>Now, here comes one of the most complicated parts of setting up a SIP trunk, the <strong>PEER Details</strong>. These settings tell Asterisk <i>how</i> to connect to the SIP provider.</p>
<p>Here is a list of the most common settings with descriptions of each one:</p>
<dl>
<dt><pre>
disallow=all</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This should <b>always</b> come before any allow directives</dd>
<dt><pre>
allow=ulaw</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This allows use of the G.711 u-law codec. Most SIP providers support this codec.</dd>
<dt><pre>
context=from-trunk</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This is the context that Asterisk will dump calls coming from the trunk into this dialplan context. Without this set to a proper context, incoming calls <i>will not work</i>.</dd>
<dt><pre>
dtmfmode=auto</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This tells Asterisk how to interpert DTMF tones. It can be auto (auto-negotiates what mode to use - recommended), inband (sends DTMF as sounds in the audio stream), rfc2833 (recommended if your SIP provider supports it), or info (DTMF info is sent inside the SIP header)</dd>
<dt><pre>
fromdomain=sip.broadvoice.com</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This tells the SIP provider what domain the call comes from. Some SIP providers require this for authentication.</dd>
<dt><pre>
fromuser=<Username></pre>
</dt>
<dd>This is the username to authenticate to the SIP provider with.</dd>
<dt><pre>
host=sip.broadvoice.com</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This is the host to connect with to send calls</dd>
<dt><pre>
insecure=very</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This determines if Asterisk should authenticate calls coming in. Your SIP provider should tell what to set this to. Common settings are "invite", "invite,port", or "very".</dd>
<dt><pre>
qualify=yes</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This tells Asterisk whether or not to send SIP NOTIFY messages to the peer to check if it's still avalible the latency between it and Asterisk.</dd>
<dt><pre>
secret=<Password></pre>
</dt>
<dd>This is the password to authenticate to the SIP provider</dd>
<dt><pre>
type=peer</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This sets the type to peer. This is required.</dd>
<dt><pre>
username=<Username></pre>
</dt>
<dd>This is the username to connect to the SIP provider with.</dd>
<dt><pre>
authname<Username></pre>
</dt>
<dd>This is the authentication username to connect to the SIP provider with. This isn't normally required, but some providers like Broadvoice require it to register.</dd>
<dt><pre>
canreinvite=no</pre>
</dt>
<dd>This tells Asterisk if it should try to set up a call between the SIP provider and the destination phone directly. This is typicly set to no. If you're behind a NAT, this should be set to "no".</dd>
</dl>
<h3>Incoming Settings</h3>
<p>We do not need anything under <b>Incoming Settings</b>, so just leave it blank.</p>
<h3>Registration</h3>
<p>One of the most important settings in a SIP trunk, is the register string. You will find the field under <b>Registration</b>.<br />
Some SIP providers use a slightly different register string format than others. The formats go as below:</p>
Some, like Broadvoice, use this format:
</p>
<pre>
<Username>@<SIP proxy>:<Password>:<AuthID>@<SIP proxy>/<DID>
</pre>
<br />
Which translates into:
<pre>
<Phone number>@<SIP proxy>:<Password>:<Phone number>@<SIP proxy>/<DID>
</pre>
<br />
While others use this format:
<pre>
<Username>:<Password>@<SIP proxy>/<DID>
</pre>
<br />
Which translates into:
<pre>
<Phone number>:<Password>@<SIP proxy>/<DID>
</pre>
<br />
The /<DID> is important because it tells Asterisk how to route incoming calls from this trunk. It is a good idea to set it to your phone number/username.<br />
So, for this guide, we'll use a register string like this:
<pre>
4165555555@sip.broadvoice.com:ATenCharPw:4165555555@sip.broadvoice.com/4165555555
</pre>
<br />
Finally we can click the <b>Submit Changes</b> button.<br />
Now we can move on to setting up the inbound route.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-54256301494119293432013-06-06T13:44:00.000-04:002013-06-06T14:00:46.877-04:00FreePBX Voicemail and Recordings Auth PasswordWhen trying to access the Voicemail & Recordings you will keep getting the Security Login & Password before you can get the extension number login & password. The folks at PBX in a Flash (PIAF) have imposed .htaccess controls on this directory so only users with valid Apache credentials can access that folder.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<ol>
<li>Create an htaccess username and password for authorized users of the ARI app. From the PBX server console type the following:<br />
<pre class="brush:html">htpasswd /usr/local/apache/passwd/wwwpasswd <username></pre>
- where <username> is the user name you wish to assign
<li>You will be prompted for a
New password:
then Re-type new password:
<li>Finally, you should receive a response "Adding password for user voicemail"
<li>From the PIAF GUI, have the users log into the ARI app with their browser by clicking on the Voicemail & Recordings button.
<li>User enters the username and password chosen for Apache access to the ARI directory and SAVEs the username and password when prompted to do so by the browser.
<li>After that, logging in to ARI works just as it does with the default ARI password mechanism in FreePBX.</li>
</li>
</li>
</li>
</li>
</li>
</ol>
You can save your Apache credentials as part of the login process so you there will be no htaccess password prompt on future login attempts.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-12643458748788769782013-06-04T04:58:00.000-04:002013-06-04T05:03:14.642-04:00Reinstall Asterisk & FreePBXFor Asterisk:<br />
<pre>yum reinstall asterisk* -y</pre>
<br />
For FreePBX:<br />
<pre>yum reinstall freepbx* -y</pre>
<br />
During FeeePBX reinstall if you receive a DB error in the log:<br />
"[FATAL] PEAR must be installed (requires DB.php). Include path: .:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php"<br />
<br />
fix is simple:<br />
<pre>pear install DB</pre>
<br />
and then<br />
<pre>yum reinstall freepbx* -y</pre>
Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-25806683070400360972013-05-31T12:02:00.001-04:002013-05-31T12:04:45.622-04:00Common Linux Commands<style media="screen" type="text/css">
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The following list describes some of the most useful and popular Linux commands. This is not a comprehensive list by any means, but this should give you a quick reference to some of the common Linux commands. Bookmark this article for your future reference.<br />
Consult the man page for each command to learn about additional arguments and details of operation.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<table class="clctable"><tbody>
<tr><th>Command</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td>cat [filename]</td><td>Display file’s contents to the standard output device (usually your monitor).</td></tr>
<tr><td>cd /directorypath</td><td>Change to directory.</td></tr>
<tr><td>chmod [options] mode filename</td><td>Change a file’s permissions.</td></tr>
<tr><td>chown [options] filename</td><td>Change who owns a file.</td></tr>
<tr><td>clear</td><td>Clear a command line screen/window for a fresh start.</td></tr>
<tr><td>cp [options] source destination</td><td>Copy files and directories.</td></tr>
<tr><td>date [options]</td><td>Display or set the system date and time.</td></tr>
<tr><td>df [options]</td><td>Display used and available disk space.</td></tr>
<tr><td>du [options]</td><td>Show how much space each file takes up.</td></tr>
<tr><td>file [options] filename</td><td>Determine what type of data is within a file.</td></tr>
<tr><td>find [pathname] [expression]</td><td>Search for files matching a provided pattern.</td></tr>
<tr><td>grep [options] pattern [filesname]</td><td>Search files or output for a particular pattern.</td></tr>
<tr><td>kill [options] pid</td><td>Stop a process. If the process refuses to stop, use <span class="code" style="font-family: courier, 'courier new', monospace; font-size: 1em;">kill -9 pid</span>.</td></tr>
<tr><td>less [options] [filename]</td><td>View the contents of a file one page at a time.</td></tr>
<tr><td>ln [options] source [destination]</td><td>Create a shortcut.</td></tr>
<tr><td>locate filename</td><td>Search a copy of your filesystem for the specified filename.</td></tr>
<tr><td>lpr [options]</td><td>Send a print job.</td></tr>
<tr><td>ls [options]</td><td>List directory contents.</td></tr>
<tr><td>man [command]</td><td>Display the help information for the specified command.</td></tr>
<tr><td>mkdir [options] directory</td><td>Create a new directory.</td></tr>
<tr><td>mv [options] source destination</td><td>Rename or move file(s) or directories.</td></tr>
<tr><td>passwd [name [password]]</td><td>Change the password or allow (for the system administrator) to change any password.</td></tr>
<tr><td>ps [options]</td><td>Display a snapshot of the currently running processes.</td></tr>
<tr><td>pwd</td><td>Display the pathname for the current directory.</td></tr>
<tr><td>rm [options] directory</td><td>Remove (delete) file(s) and/or directories.</td></tr>
<tr><td>rmdir [options] directory</td><td>Delete empty directories.</td></tr>
<tr><td>ssh [options] user@machine</td><td>Remotely log in to another Linux machine, over the network. Leave an ssh session by typing <b>exit</b>.</td></tr>
<tr><td>su [options] [user [arguments]]</td><td>Switch to another user account.</td></tr>
<tr><td>tail [options] [filename]</td><td>Display the last <i>n</i> lines of a file (the default is 10).</td></tr>
<tr><td>tar [options] filename</td><td>Store and extract files from a tarfile (.tar) or tarball (<span class="code" style="font-family: courier, 'courier new', monospace; font-size: 1em;">.tar.gz</span> or <span class="code" style="font-family: courier, 'courier new', monospace; font-size: 1em;">.tgz</span>).</td></tr>
<tr><td>top</td><td>Displays the resources being used on your system. Press q to exit.</td></tr>
<tr><td>touch filename</td><td>Create an empty file with the specified name.</td></tr>
<tr><td>who [options]</td><td>Display who is logged on.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<b>Additional References</b><br />
<!--<a href="http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/common-linux-commands.html">Common Linux Commands</a><br />-->
<a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-commands-cheat-sheets.html">Top 10 Best Cheat Sheets and Tutorials for Linux / UNIX Commands</a><br />
<br />Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-44820647662541475602012-12-11T02:30:00.002-05:002012-12-11T02:32:34.438-05:00Power over EthernetPower over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology that integrates power into a standard LAN infrastructure. It enables electrical power to pass safely, along with data, on Ethernet cabling. to a network device, such as an IP phone or a network camera, using the same cable as that used for network connection. It eliminates the need for power outlets at the endpoint device locations. The result is lower cost, less downtime, easier maintenance, and greater installation flexibility than with traditional wiring and enables easier application of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) to ensure 24 hours a day, 7 days a week operation.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
PoE technology is regulated in a standard called IEEE 802.3af and is designed in a way that does not degrade the network data communication performance or decrease the network reach. 802.3af specifies the ability to supply an endpoint with 48V DC at up 350mA or 16.8W. The power delivered over the LAN infrastructure is automatically activated when a compatible terminal is identified, and blocked to legacy devices that are not compatible. This feature allows users to freely and safely mix legacy and PoE-compatible devices, on their network. No special cabling is required.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<h4>
Using Power over Ethernet</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
PoE works across standard network cabling (i.e. cat-5) to supply power directly from the data ports to which networked devices are connected. Today, most manufacturers offer network switches with built-in PoE support. If an existing network /switch structure is in place, customers can benefit from the same functionality by adding a so-called Midspan to the switch, which will add power to the network cable. All network cameras without built-in PoE can be integrated in a PoE system using an Active Splitter.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<h4>
Power over Ethernet Power Delivery</h4>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wPoiYrhkjP4/UMbhB3u8DjI/AAAAAAAADFw/sx9SILAnziE/s1600/POE_Pinout.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wPoiYrhkjP4/UMbhB3u8DjI/AAAAAAAADFw/sx9SILAnziE/s1600/POE_Pinout.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-66216133632496400782012-11-20T19:05:00.000-05:002012-11-20T21:03:10.209-05:00Htaccess – Secure your websiteHtaccess (Hypertext Access) files are used by Apache Webserver to control the configuration of the directory in which your website resides.
One can easily configure security settings without restarting the server.
<br />
<a name='more'></a>Almost every hosting provider supports htaccess. One simple way to test whether your host provides .htaccess files is to check whether there is a support for password protection of folders. You can also easily create your own .htaccess file and upload it in your directory. Apply a few rules on it and get the best results for your website.<br />
The .htaccess file is just an extension with no filename. On some of the operating systems, you may face problems in uploading and searching the file.
In such cases, you can simply rename the file after uploading it on the server.
<br />
The various applications of the .htaccess file are as follows :
<br />
<ol>
<li>Password protecting directories.
</li>
<li>Allowing or Disallowing access to certain IP addresses.
</li>
<li>Redirect Users to another Urls.
</li>
<li>Configure custom error pages.
</li>
<li>Stop Directory Listing.
</li>
<li>Using different files as index files.
</li>
<li>Add additional MIME types.
</li>
<li>URL Rewriting (Best feature)</li><li>Protecting you .htaccess file</li>
</ol>
<br />
<b>1. Password protecting directories.</b><br />
Every subdirectory and file will be protected within the given directory.<br />
Note that the htaccess file rules are followed from top to bottom.<br />
<pre class="brush:html"># Directory name to be protected
AuthName "Directory Name"
AuthType Basic
# Absolute path to the file storing password
AuthUserFile /path/.htpasswd
Require valid-user</pre>
If possible, place the password file always outside the public directory. <br />
In the .htpasswd file, write the username and password in the following format :<br />
<pre class="brush:html">myuser:mypassword</pre>
Note: Username and password should be separated using “:”<br /><br />>
<b>2. Alowing or Disallowing Access to Certain IP Addresses</b><br />
In order to limit users with particular IP addresses, add the following directives in the .htaccess file :<br />
<pre class="brush:html"># deny all other except the ip address 10.10.10.10
<Limit GET POST PUT>
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from 10.10.10.10
allow from .*abc.com.*
</Limit></pre>
<b>3. Redirect URLS</b><br />
Use the following directive to redirect a directory to another directory or a page to another page.<br />
#Redirect from the current url eg. http://www.current.com/currentdir to http://www.new.com/newdir<br />
<pre class="brush:html">Redirect /currentdir http://www.new.com/newdir
</pre>
<b><br />
4. Handling Errors Using Custom Error Pages</b><br />
Eg. For a 404 Page not found error, one can write the following code :<pre class="brush:html">ErrorDocument 404 /pagenotfound.html</pre>
<b>5. Stop Directory Listing</b><br />
<br />
To disallow file listing in a directory, you can use following directive :<br />
<pre class="brush:html">Options -Indexes</pre>
<b>6. Using a Different File as a Index File</b><br />
<pre class="brush:html">DirectoryIndex my.php index.php pictures.pl index.html default.htm</pre>
<b>7. Add Additional MIME Types</b><br />
Some host servers may not be setup to handle specific file types such as mp3 or swf files. <br />
This can be easily fixed using “AddType”<br />
<pre class="brush:html"># define various MIME types<br /><br />AddType application/x-shockwave-flash .swf<br />AddType application/octet-stream .mp3</pre>
<b>8. URL Rewriting</b>
SEO expert always suggest to display the main keyword in the URL. <br />
For this, one can use rewrite rules to create SEO friendly URL names.<br />
<br />
If you have a dynamic page called /category_mobile.php and it is passed a numeric variable called id in the form of /category_mobile.php?id=2, you can use .htaccess to create a more SEO-friendly URL structure such as /category-mobile/2.<br />
<br />
To accomplish this, use:<br />
<pre class="brush:html">RewriteEngine on<br />
RewriteRule ^/?category-mobile/([0-9]+)$ /category-mobile.php?id=$1</pre>
You can also perform many other neak tricks like Browser sniffing, Saving bandwidth, Force Caching, Magic Urls using .htaccess.<br />
<br />
<b>9. Protecting you .htaccess file</b><br />
Your .htaccess file can be hacked and code can be inserted to redirect to another website etc.<br />
1. Add the following to your .htaccess file to protect it:<br />
<pre class="brush:html"># Protect the htaccess file
<files .htaccess>
order allow,deny
deny from all
</files></pre>
<br />
2. Set the .htaccess file permission to 644<br />
<br />Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-91499618206399763532012-11-16T15:59:00.000-05:002012-11-21T16:37:38.209-05:00Windows Vista & 7 - Very slow RDP connection to Win2003 64 bit serverMicrosoft Remote Desktop Client 6.0 which comes pre-installed with Vista (and Win 7) is very slow when you try connecting to some Windows 2003 servers. In particular, Windows 2003 R2 64-bit Server. Here is what you need to do to resolve this issue:<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
Apparently this problem is because Windows Vista has a low initial setting on it’s Auto Tuning feature. What Auto-Tuning does is continually adjusts the TCP/IP receive windows size based on current (and changing) network conditions. It seems that many people have reported problems with auto-tuning causing various network timeout issues with some applications and routers.<br />
If you’re experiencing any of these problems, a supported hotfix is available from Microsoft. See <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/947773/en-us">KB947773</a> at Microsoft Support website for more info and download information.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Workaround</b><br />
Use one of the following workarounds, as appropriate for your situation. You can turn off Auto Tuning as described below.<br />
<br />
- Run a command prompt (cmd.exe) as an Administrator (must have administrator privileges)<br />
Type:
<br />
<pre class="brush:html">netsh interface tcp set global autotuninglevel=disabled</pre>
<br />
Disable the autotunning feature in Vista completely, and fit and lock the RWIN receive window to default value 65536 bytes.<br />
<br />
If you want to to re-enable it, type:<br />
<pre class="brush:html">netsh interface tcp set global autotuninglevel=normal</pre>
<br />
In some cases you may need to use this command in addition to the above:<br />
<pre class="brush:html">netsh interface tcp set global rss=disabled</pre>
<br />
Update! This command makes your network connection EVEN FASTER:<br />
<pre class="brush:html">netsh interface tcp set global autotuninglevel=highlyrestricted
</pre>
<br />
And if you’d like to just view the states of your current TCP parameters, you can use this command:
<br />
<pre class="brush:html">netsh interface tcp show global
</pre>
<pre class="brush:html"></pre>
<h3>
Resources:</h3>
This Microsoft Fix it disables TCP auto-tuning and is available in the following Knowledge Base articles:<br />
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/932170">932170</a> <br />
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/934430">934430</a> <br />
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/935400">935400</a> <br />
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/947239">947239</a> <br />
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/947773">947773</a> <br />
<a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/951291">951291</a>Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-56867759732696677212012-08-14T00:36:00.000-04:002012-08-14T00:36:32.222-04:00AsteriskNOW 1.7 & FreePBX – Change All Default PasswordsWhen you install AsteriskNOW 1.7.1, the default username/password for the FreePBX Admin console is set to admin/admin. After logging in for the first time it is a good idea to change it as this can be a security risk. It is recommended that your password contain a mix of lowercase and UPPERCASE letters, numbers, and/or symbols.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><h4>
FreePBX Admin Password</h4>
To connect to FreePBX, point a web browser to http://<IP address>/admin/. The default username/password is admin/admin. After logging in for the first time it is a good idea to click the reload button if it appears. From the "Setup" tab, select "Administrators" and select user "admin" box on the right side. Recommend that you change the username and set a strong password<br />
<br />
<h4>
Asterisk Manager Password</h4>
Login to your server via SSH.<br />
Edit /etc/asterisk/manager.conf
<br style="clear:both;" />
<div class="alert">
<table><tbody>
<tr><th><img alt="Note" class="alert_note" height="1" src="http://www.softsol.ca/blogger/extlink/img.gif" title="Note" width="1" /><strong>Note</strong></th></tr>
<tr><td>[admin] must match AMPMGRUSER=admin below.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div><br style="clear:both;" />
<pre class="brush:html">[admin]<br />secret=yournewSTr0ngpassw0rd</pre>
Edit /etc/amportal.conf<br />
<pre class="brush:html"># AMPMGRUSER: the user to access the Asterisk manager interface<br />AMPMGRUSER=admin
# AMPMGRPASS: the password for AMPMGRUSER
AMPMGRPASS=yournewSTr0ngpassw0rd</pre>
<h4>
Flash Operator Panel Password</h4>
Edit /etc/amportal.conf<br />
<pre class="brush:html"># FOPPASSWORD: the secret code for performing transfers and hangups in the Flash Operator Panel<br />FOPPASSWORD=yournewSTr0ngFOPpassw0rd</pre>
<h4>
ARI Admin password</h4>
Edit /etc/amportal.conf and add the following to the end of /etc/amportal.conf<br />
<pre class="brush:html"># ARI_ADMIN_USERNAME
ARI_ADMIN_USERNAME=ariadmin
# ARI_ADMIN_PASSWORD
ARI_ADMIN_PASSWORD=yournewSTr0ngARIpassw0rd</pre>
It's recommended you reboot the server but you may get away with restarting amportal<br />
<pre class="brush:html"># amportal restart</pre>
Once the Asterisk is up and running, connect to asterisk process:<br />
<pre class="brush:html"># asterisk -rvvvvvvv
pbx*CLI></pre>
While connected to the CLI, browse around FreePBX. This should cause the following output on the CLI.<br />
<pre class="brush:html">== Manager ‘admin’ logged on from 127.0.0.1
== Manager ‘admin’ logged off from 127.0.0.1
== Manager ‘admin’ logged on from 127.0.0.1
== Manager ‘admin’ logged off from 127.0.0.1
== Manager ‘admin’ logged on from 127.0.0.1
== Manager ‘admin’ logged off from 127.0.0.1
pbx*CLI></pre>
This shows that FreePBX is able to sucessfully logon to the running process.<br />
<br />
Based on AsteriskNOW 1.7.1 32-bit.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-24921586094910311722012-08-13T21:22:00.000-04:002012-08-13T21:42:32.732-04:00Enable the Built-in PDF Viewer in Google ChromeThe recent releases of Google Chrome (6 and up) uses a built-in PDF viewer to open PDFs. However, it's not enabled by default or may have been disabled. If so, Chrome will use Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to display PDFs. Follow the suggestions below if you're having trouble viewing PDFs within Chrome, using Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
If you receive the "Adobe Reader was blocked ..." message, you can enable the built-in PDF viewer in chrome.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sSLWLO1qWGU/UCmqwWcMuUI/AAAAAAAAChg/b42Jso4Ng90/s1600/chrome_pdf01.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sSLWLO1qWGU/UCmqwWcMuUI/AAAAAAAAChg/b42Jso4Ng90/s1600/chrome_pdf01.JPG" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Here's how to enable the PDF viewer in Chrome:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Launch Google Chrome.</li>
<li>Make sure you are using version 6 or above.
To check which version you have, click on the wrench in the toolbar in the upper right corner and click on About Google Chrome. A box will pop up and display the version.
The newest version can be downloaded at http://www.google.com/chrome.</li>
<li>Go to the Chrome address bar and type in chrome://plugins/ and press the Enter key.</li>
<li>Click on the blue <span style="color: blue;"><u>Enable</u></span> link, close the browser window and you're done.</li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MYRVsJsGWLM/UCmqzvZYbkI/AAAAAAAACho/x9u-z5B_qg8/s1600/chrome_pdf02.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MYRVsJsGWLM/UCmqzvZYbkI/AAAAAAAACho/x9u-z5B_qg8/s400/chrome_pdf02.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MYRVsJsGWLM/UCmqzvZYbkI/AAAAAAAACho/x9u-z5B_qg8/s1600/chrome_pdf02.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MYRVsJsGWLM/UCmqzvZYbkI/AAAAAAAACho/x9u-z5B_qg8/s1600/chrome_pdf02.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>
<br />
Flash, Java, and Google Update can be enabled or disabled the same way.
Other plugins can be listed depending on what vesion of Chrome you are using.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-84680059301523525262012-08-12T21:41:00.002-04:002013-08-31T14:05:06.134-04:00Remote Desktop Connection (RDP) to the console sessionWhen you Remote Desktop to a Windows XP Professional computer, you always connect to the console (main/default) session as XP Pro is limited to one interactive session. However, When you remote desktop to Windows 2003 Server or higher, the default is to start a new session. As many seasoned Remote Desktop users are aware, you can run into a lot of problems installing software in a Terminal Services session that isn't the console session.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
To connect to console session, use a switch when running Remote Desktop Connection Terminal Services client (mstsc) in order to force Remote Desktop to connect to console session of remote server.<br /><br>
In Windows Server 2003, you can start the RDC client (Mstsc.exe) by using the <b>/console</b> switch to remotely connect to the physical console session on the server (also known as session 0).<pre class="brush:html">mstsc /v:servername /console</pre>
In Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2, the <b>/console</b> switch has been deprecated.
You can use the new <b>/admin</b> switch to remotely connect to a Windows Server 2008-based server for administrative purposes. The <b>/admin</b> switch is introduced in Remote Desktop Client (RDC) 6.1. RDC 6.1 is included in the following operating systems:<br />
<ul>
<li>Windows Server 2008</li>
<li>Windows Server 2008 R2</li>
<li>Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1)</li>
<li>Windows XP Service Pack 3 (SP3)</li>
<li>Or any computer updated to RDC 6.1</li>
</ul>
You can type “mstsc /?” to see if the /admin option has to be used for the console
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e20fQqpp-wg/UiIuF7jwgwI/AAAAAAAADgw/i9TfWt-GZLc/s1600/RDP_Image1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e20fQqpp-wg/UiIuF7jwgwI/AAAAAAAADgw/i9TfWt-GZLc/s320/RDP_Image1.PNG" /></a></div>
Once you have determined the /admin has be used, Use the following command:
<pre class="brush:html">mstsc /v:servername /admin</pre>
To ensure you are on the console (Session ID=0) of the server, please run the command "query session" from a Command Prompt. The ID=0 as showed in the image below confirms that you are on the console (Session ID=0).<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YOv7xrK7wLs/UiIvf1XfuQI/AAAAAAAADhA/tcm0XgsOaFQ/s1600/RDP_Image2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YOv7xrK7wLs/UiIvf1XfuQI/AAAAAAAADhA/tcm0XgsOaFQ/s320/RDP_Image2.PNG" /></a></div>
By logging in to console session of remote computer, all applications that are running in local (console) mode will be accessible, instead of a new session where applications have to be re-opened.<br />
Please note that in Windows Server 2003, you can start the RDC client (Mstsc.exe) by using the /console or /admin switch to remotely connect to the physical console session on the server (also known as session ID=0). However, in Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2, the /console switch has been deprecated. In Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2, session 0 is a non-interactive session that is reserved for services.
<div class="alert">
<table><tbody>
<tr><th><img alt="Note" class="alert_note" height="1" src="http://www.softsol.ca/blogger/extlink/img.gif" title="Note" width="1" /><strong>Note</strong></th></tr>
<tr><td>You should login as the user who is logged on the server.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br style="clear: both;" />
<h2>
References</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/278845">Microsoft Support: How to Connect to and Shadow the Console Session with Windows Server 2003 Terminal Services</a></li><li><a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/947723">Changes to remote administration in Windows Server 2008</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.symantec.com/business/support/index?page=content&id=HOWTO55885">How to connect to the console of the server (Session ID=0) on Windows 2003...</a></li>
</ul>Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-43573843035459954952012-07-30T01:12:00.000-04:002012-07-30T01:13:44.694-04:00Open the Start Menu Folder in Windows 7Are you wondering where the start menu folder is in Windows 7? Back in Windows XP, all you had to do was right-click on the start button to get to the folder, but Windows 7 changed it.<br />
<a name='more'></a>Now when you right-click on the Start Orb in Windows 7, you just get the generic “Open Windows Explorer”, which takes you to the Libraries view.<br />
<b>The Simple Method</b><br />
To open the folder, just right-click on the “All Programs” button on the start menu, and choose "Open" to head to your personal user-specific start menu folder, or “Open All Users” to open up the system-wide Start Menu folder.<br />
<b>The Advanced Method</b><br />
You can type in the following to get to your user-specific Start Menu folder—or you can put it into a shortcut if you wanted to, or even use it from the command prompt.<br />
%appdata%\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu<br />
Want to get to the All Users start menu? Just use this instead:<br />
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start MenuAhmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-10646153395155087362012-07-30T01:00:00.000-04:002013-08-29T02:22:26.846-04:00Automatic Login to WindowsThere may be instances when users may have to auto-login to Windows without manually selecting their Windows user account. Using a password in Windows isn’t required, only suggested. But even if you don’t fill one in, you still have to click your user icon to start the login process. You can auto login to your Windows via the following steps:<a name='more'></a><br />
<h4>
For Windows XP</h4>
<ul>
<li>Press the Windows key + R on your keyboard to launch the “Run” dialog box.</li>
<li>
Type in control userpasswords2</li>
<li>
Press Enter. The User Accounts window will display.</li>
<li>
Select the user from which you want to login automatically</li>
<li>Uncheck the box “Users must enter a username and password to use this computer”.</li>
<li>
Click “OK”</li>
<li>
You will then be prompted to enter the current password and confirm it.</li>
<li>
After doing so, you will no longer be prompted to enter your password upon login</li>
</ul>
<h4>
For Window Vista and Windows 7:</h4>
<ul>
<li>Go to start button.</li>
<li>Type netplwiz in the search box</li>
<li>Or:</li>
<li>Press the Windows key + R on your keyboard to launch the “Run” dialog box.</li>
<li>
Type in control userpasswords2</li>
<li>Select the user from which you want to login automatically</li>
<li>Uncheck the box “Users must enter a username and password to use this computer”.</li>
<li>Enter the password of the account in the box.</li>
<li>Click ok</li>
</ul>
<h3>Automatic Login with Domain Account</h3>
<ul>
<li>Open Regedit and Navigate to the following registry key:
</li>
<li>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon</li>
<li>Double-click the DefaultUserName entry, type the user name to log on with, and then click OK.If DefaultUserName registry value name is not found, create the new String Value (REG_SZ) with value name as DefaultUserName.</li>
<li>Double-click the DefaultPassword entry, type the password for the user account under the value data box, and then click OK.If there is no DefaultPassword value, create a new String Value subkey (REG_SZ) with DefaultPassword as the value name.Note that if no DefaultPassword string is specified, Windows automatically changes the value of the AutoAdminLogon registry key from 1 (true) to 0 (false) to turn off the AutoAdminLogon feature.</li>
<li>In Windows Vista or 7, DefaultDomainName has to be specified as well, else Windows will prompt of invalid user name with user name displayed as .\username. To do so, double click on DefaultDomainName, and specify the domain name of the user account. If it’s local user, specify local host name.If the DefaultDomainName does not exist, create a new String Value (REG_SZ) registry key with value name as DefaultDomainName.</li>
<li>Double-click the AutoAdminLogon entry, type 1 in the Value Data box, and then click OK.If there is no AutoAdminLogon entry, create a new String Value entry (REG_SZ) with AutoAdminLogon as the value name.</li>
<li>If exist, delete the AutoLogonCount key.</li>
<li>Quit Registry Editor.</li>
<li">Click Start, click Restart, and then click OK.
</li"></ul>Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-65612580555180877172012-07-28T14:17:00.001-04:002012-07-28T14:29:37.453-04:00Restore MySQL Database from ibdata and .frm Files<p>Here’s a simple way to restoring a MySQL database using only the /data folder from an original MySQL installation. Rather than risking damaging the existing server, the database must be restored on a development or test machine NOT the actual server.
<a name='more'></a>
<div class="alert">
<table><tbody>
<tr><th><img alt="Note" class="alert_note" height="1" src="http://www.softsol.ca/blogger/extlink/img.gif" title="Note" width="1" /><strong>Note</strong></th></tr>
<tr><td>Restore the database on a development or test machine NOT the actual server.<br />This article assumes you are comfortable with software solutions such as XAMPP and phpMyAdmin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div><br clear="all"/><ol>
<li>Find a test or development machine with Windows XP SP2 or higher.</li>
<li>Download and install a fresh copy of XAMPP.</li>
<li>Create an empty database using phpMyAdmin with the same name as your original database, (the one you’re trying to restore). For example, if your previous database was called ‘wordpress,’ in phpMyAdmin, (under the ‘Create new database’ text field), you would enter ‘wordpress.’ This will create a folder named wordpress in “C:\xampp\mysql” in XAMPP.</li>
<li>At this point you’ll want to turn off the MySQL service.</li>
<li>Now, copy the contents of your mysql database folder (not the entire folder) that contains the .frm files to the new location.</li>
<li>The next step is to copy the ibdata1 file to the MySQL folder in XAMPP</li>
<li>Start the MySQL service again.</li>
<li>Now you should be able to locate your database tables in phpMyAdmin.</li>
<li>At this point you’ll want to export the database using phpMyAdmin.</li>
<li>Be sure to check Add DROP TABLE, choose SQL as the export type, and check the ‘Save as file’ checkbox.</li>
<li>The .sql file that will be generated can easily be imported into another instance of phpMyAdmin.</li>
</ol><p>The new database doesn’t need to have the same name as the previous database. Sometimes, you may be unable to use the previous database name because the site may have been moved to a shared hosting server, (with a pre-defined database name).<p>This example uses XAMPP and phpMyAdmin. However, there are many other alternatives available that will allow you to accomplish the same tasks, and there’s always the command line. The most important step is to simply copy the contents of the /data folder and the ibdata1 file.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-32478720668713505012011-11-29T17:34:00.065-05:002011-12-02T11:44:54.986-05:00Enable File and Printer Sharing using Group PolicyGroup Policy is a one of the most useful tools found in the Windows 2000 and later Active Directory infrastructure. Group Policy can be used to set File and Printer Sharing on all computers joined to the domain. If the computer is joined to a domain, members of the Domain Admins group might be able to perform this procedure. The following example uses Windows 2003 Server. The procedure for 2008 is almost exactly the same.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><ul><li>Log on to your domain controller.</li>
<li>Click <b>Start</b>, click <b>Administrative Tools</b>, and then click <b>Active Directory Users and Computers</b>.</li>
</ul><div class="alert"><table><tbody>
<tr><th><img alt="Note" class="alert_note" height="1" src="http://www.softsol.ca/blogger/extlink/img.gif" title="Note" width="1" /><strong>Note</strong></th></tr>
<tr><td>You need to determine what group of machines your policy is going to be applied to. Some organizations will have computers under many different OUs. The simplest method is to change the group policy for the entire domain.</td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><br clear="all"/><ul><li>Right-click on the domain name and then click <b>Properties</b></li>
<li>Select the <b>Group Policy</b> tab</li>
<li>Select the policy you want to edit (In our case it is the Default Domain Policy)</li>
<li>Click <b>edit</b>.</li>
<li>As this is a computer policy (It will apply to computers…not specific users), In the <b>Group Policy Management Editor</b> navigation pane, expand <b>Computer Configuration</b>, expand <b>Administrative Templates</b>, expand <b>Network</b>, expand <b>Network Connections</b>, and then expand <b>Windows Firewall</b>.</li>
</ul>You will notice two sections under this area. A domain profile, and a standard profile. A machine will automatically determine which profile it should use by the type of network it is connected to. Microsoft defines it in this way: <br />
<ul><li><b>Domain profile</b> The domain profile is the set of Windows Firewall settings that are needed when the computer is connected to the managed network. For example, the domain profile might contain settings for excepted traffic for the applications and services needed by a managed computer in an enterprise network.</li>
<li><b>Standard profile</b> The standard profile is the set of Windows Firewall settings that are needed when the computer is connected to another network. A good example is when an organization laptop computer is taken on the road and connects to the Internet using a public broadband or wireless Internet service provider. Because the organization laptop computer is directly connected to the Internet, the standard profile should contain more restrictive settings than the domain profile.</li>
</ul><div class="alert"><table><tbody>
<tr><th><img alt="Note" class="alert_note" height="1" src="http://www.softsol.ca/blogger/extlink/img.gif" title="Note" width="1" /><strong>Note</strong></th></tr>
<tr><td>For security reasons, you should only making these changes to the Domain Profile as you don’t want users outside the office to hookup to another network with their file and printer sharing fully accessible.</td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><br clear="all"/><ul><li>Expand <b>Domain Profile</b></li>
<li>In the details pane, double-click <b>Windows Firewall: Allow file and printer sharing exception</b></li>
<li>On the Setting tab, click <b>Enabled</b>.</li>
<li>In <b>Allow unsolicited incoming messages from</b>, type *. This value allows any computer to connect.</li>
<li>Click <b>OK</b> to save your changes.</li>
</ul>After configuring an important policy of some kind, we would sometimes like GP processing to occur immediately on client computers. The problem is that by default, the so called background processing “only” happens every 90 to 120 minutes (randomized) – if we want to force updates to occur right away we are on our own.<br />
<br />
Allow some time (90 to 120 minutes) for the group policy processing to occur on client computers. To force updates to occur right away, you can go to the command line on the server and type: <br />
<pre class="brush:html">GPUPDATE /force</pre>To verify the policy is applied, go to a workstation and check the "Windows Firewall Settings" to see that it has accepted the policy.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-83370566218899347702011-11-29T15:48:00.000-05:002011-11-29T15:48:35.168-05:00Enabling File and Printer Sharing in Windows XPFile and Printer sharing is required for sharing your computers resources. In addition, a special share, called the admin$ share is used to remotely manage and install software on Windows XP systems. By default file sharing is blocked in the firewall. The following steps will enable file and printer sharing in Windows XP.<br />
<a name='more'></a><p>Step 1:<ul><li>Go to Control Panel -> Network Connections -> Local Network Connections, Right Click and Click Properties</li>
</ul>Step 2:<br />
Make sure that following services, protocols are enabled and set up properly. <br />
Note: Default configuration is recommended.<br />
<ul><li>Minimum components</li>
<ul><li>Client for Microsoft Networks</li>
<li>File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks</li>
<li>Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)</li></ul><li>Recommended services, if supported</li>
<ul><li>QoS Packet Scheduler</li></ul></ul>Step 3:<ul><li>Open Windows Firewall from Control Panel</li>
<li>A. Make sure that the Firewall is Enabled and the Don't Allow Exceptions is Disabled unless the computer is located within an unsecured network.</li>
<li>B. Click on the Exceptions Tab when finished</li>
</ul>Step 4:<br />
<ul><li>Enable File and Printer Sharing on the Exception List.</li></ul>Step 5:<ul><li>Open the control panel.</li><li>Click on the tools menu, and select “Folder Options…”</li><li>Select the view tab. Scroll down and make sure “Use simple file sharing” is unchecked.</li><li>Click OK.</li></ul>Sharing is now on<br />
NOTE: Make sure you have set a password, or you will always get an access denied message when trying to connect to a remote machine.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-81997124527067038042011-11-29T14:33:00.000-05:002011-11-29T14:33:12.174-05:00Enabling File and Printer Sharing In Windows VistaBy default File and Print Sharing is disabled on Windows Vista. Many times file and printer sharing is also needed for remote administration tools that access the admin$ share. Enable File and Print sharing by following these steps:<br />
<a name='more'></a><p>Step 1:<ul><li>Go to Control Panel -> Network and Sharing Connections</li>
<li>Click on View Status of the Local Area Connection</li>
</ul>Step 2:<br />
<ul><li>Click on Properties</li>
</ul>Step 3:<ul><li>Make sure that following services, protocols are enabled and set up properly.</li>
</ul>Note: Default configuration is recommended.<br />
<ul><li>Minimum Components</li>
<ul><li>Client for Microsoft Networks</li>
<li>File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks</li>
<li>Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)</li>
</ul><li>Recommended Services, if supported</li>
<ul><li>QoS Packet Scheduler</li>
<li>Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6)</li>
</ul><li>Vista Components</li>
<ul><li>Link-Layer Topology Discovery Mapper I/O Driver</li>
<li>Link-Layer Topology Discovery Responder</li>
</ul></ul>Step 4:<br />
After configuring the Local Connection Properties, proceed by<ul><li>Enable File Sharing</li>
<li>Proceed to the Windows Firewall</li>
</ul>Step 5:<ul><li>Click on Change Settings</li>
</ul>Step 6:<ul><li>A. Make sure that the Firewall is Enabled and the Don't Allow Exceptions is Disabled unless the computer is located within an unsecured network.</li>
<li>B. Click on the Exceptions Tab when finished</li>
</ul>Step 7:<ul><li>Enable File and Printer Sharing on the Exception List.</li>
</ul>Now your machine will have file and printer sharing accessible through the firewall<h2>Enabling the $admin share</h2>If you are interested in getting the admin$ share to work there is one more step:<br />
Open registry editor<br />
Browse to the following registry key:<br />
<pre>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System</pre>You will need to create a new DWORD value called:<br />
<pre>LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy</pre>Set it to 1, and reboot.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-18804392875349302342011-11-29T13:01:00.000-05:002011-11-29T13:01:09.746-05:00Enabling File and Printer Sharing In Windows 7File and Printer Sharing disabled by default in Windows 7, and unfortunately Microsoft has yet again changed the method to turn it back on. The steps you need to take are now different than the ones you took in Vista. So how do you get it back up and running in Windows 7?<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<ol><li>Open the control panel.</li>
<li>Click on “Network and Internet”</li>
<li>Click on “Network and Sharing Center”</li>
<li>A new window will be displayed. Look on the left pane.</li>
<li>Click on “Change Advanced Sharing Settings”</li>
<li>Now you are shown different profiles.<br />
The list can change depending on how your system is configured. Windows 7 will determine automatically what profile your network card is using. You may want to enable file and printer sharing on all of them, or limit it to the “Home or Work” profile for higher security.</li>
<li>Expand the profile you want to modify, and scroll down until you see “File and Printer Sharing”</li>
<li>Click on “Turn on file and printer sharing”</li>
<li>Save your changes.</li>
</ol><h2>Enabling the $admin share</h2>After completing the above steps, you also need to make a registry change.<br />
Open regedit, and drill down to this key:<br />
<pre>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System</pre>Under this key you will need to create a new DWORD value called:<br />
<pre>LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy</pre>Set it to 1, and reboot.<br />
Now you can access the $admin share on your Windows 7 machineAhmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-62843877370187742462011-11-20T02:34:00.008-05:002011-11-20T23:28:02.152-05:00Terminal Server 2003 - Universal Print Driver with Fallback DriverUnfortunately, client printing in Terminal Server 2003 can be very frustrating. However, it almost always boils down to issues with drivers. Lots of drivers are simply not compatible with Terminal Services. Stick with Windows native drivers whenever possible and keep the number of drivers low. Using third party drivers is usually trouble.<a name='more'></a><br />
<p>Although you should add native drivers if necessary, try to limit the amount of drivers. This can be done by using the same driver for several printer types. HP has a universal printer driver available, which supports almost all their printers. It is a good way to limit the amount of drivers, but please note that on some printers, some options are not supported.<h2>Download and install HP's Universal Print Driver.</h2><p><ul><li>Download the latest HP Universal Print Driver from <a href="http://www.hp.com/go/upd">here</a>.</li>
<li>Unzip the file and Install the driver using the Add Printer Driver wizard. To do this:<br />
<ul><li>Go to Start --> Printers and Faxes.</li>
<li>Go to File--> Server Properties -> Drivers tab and choose Add Driver.</li>
<li>Select Have Disk from the Printer Driver Selection screen</li>
</ul></li>
</ul><h2>Terminal Server Fallback Printer Driver Behavior</h2><p>Windows Server 2003 SP1 and newer versions of Windows Server include the “Terminal Server Fallback Printer Driver”, which can be enabled via group policy at Computer Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> Windows Components -> Terminal Services -> Client/Server Data Redirection.<p>The Terminal Services Fallback Printer Driver allows for the system to connect printers without installing additional Server Side Printer Drivers. The Policy can be set to auto-create unsupported printers using a Fallback PCL or Fallback PS Drivers. The fallback drivers provide only basic functionality and will not work with all printers.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EAXOxMLATMo/TsnSZ8K3NnI/AAAAAAAAA1w/fxkFX2Vm6sk/s1600/TS-UPD-options.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="400" width="362" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EAXOxMLATMo/TsnSZ8K3NnI/AAAAAAAAA1w/fxkFX2Vm6sk/s400/TS-UPD-options.jpg" /></a></div><ul><li>Both settings of "Not Configured" or "Enabled" with "Do nothing if one is not found" will result in no client printer being created using the fallback driver.</li>
<li>"Default to PCL if one is not found" will result in an auto created printer using the PCL driver if the standard driver mapping process cannot find a suitable driver on the Terminal Server or in a mapping file.</li>
<li>"Default to PS if one is not found" will result in an auto created printer using the Postscript driver is a suitable driver cannot be found.</li>
<li>"Show both PCL and PS if one is not found" will result in an auto-created printer using the PCL and the PS driver.</li>
</ul><h2>Set Fallback Driver</h2><p>Microsoft provides a mechanism to set the driver that is used for the Terminal Server Fallback PCL and PS Printers. To alter the default behavior, alter the following registry key and enter the desired printer driver.<p>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\Wds\rdpwd<pre>"FallbackPclDriver"="HP Universal Printing PCL 5"
"FallbackPsDriver"="HP Universal Printing PS"</pre><p>Reboot your server and should be able to print from any HP printer.<br />
<br />
Additional Info:<br />
<a href="http://www.brianmadden.com/blogs/guestbloggers/archive/2005/04/25/how-microsoft-s-windows-2003-sp1-fallback-printer-driver-works-which-now-supports-color.aspx">How Microsoft's Windows 2003 SP1 Fallback Printer Driver Works</a>Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com52tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-69381680070863227532011-11-20T01:08:00.001-05:002011-11-20T01:10:39.088-05:00HP Universal Print Driver solves Windows 7 Printing Problems for LaserJets<p>The introduction of Windows 7 has once again raised the annoying issue of whether existing printers are supported. Users want to know whether the printers they already have in-use or are considering are currently supported with Windows 7 print drivers (and, if not, when will they be supported).<a name='more'></a><br />
The good news is that the new HP Universal Print Driver for Windows takes care of the headaches involved with deploying Microsoft Windows 7 print drivers throughout your organization! This means that every HP device supported by UPD will have a single easily deployable print driver that works within the Microsoft Windows 7 operating system.<p>You can verify whether your particular LaserJet is supported within UPD by visiting <a href="http://www.hp.com/go/upd">this site</a>. With the high number of printers supported, there is a high likelihood your printers are supported by the current version of UPD. The primary benefits of using UPD is to Make Printing Easier by providing one driver and one interface for users, improving satisfaction with the printing process and making it easier to print to almost any HP LaserJet in the office or on the road.<p>UPD supports a broad range of Microsoft Windows operating systems from Windows XP, 2003 Server (32/64 bit); Terminal Services and Citrix Presentation Server Environments. Installation of UPD on any Windows PC is simple and will enable users to print to almost every HP printing device with HP PCL6, HP PCL5 or HP postscript level 2 and 3 emulation.<p>This is a lot easier than searching for whether your printer has a specific Windows 7 driver available and downloading, testing and certifying a separate driver for each device you have. Adopting the HP Universal Print Driver is much more streamlined than this tedious process!<p>To download the free Universal Print Driver software, <a href="http://www.hp.com/go/upd">click here</a>.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7077617059278658605.post-73492517945854873212011-11-13T12:55:00.016-05:002011-11-13T14:08:39.869-05:00Disconnect all users from MS SQL Server 2005/2008 Database<p>To get exclusive access to the database to perform maintenance tasks etc. you can set the database to Single User Mode, which permits only one database connection at a time. At that moment if other users try to access the database while you are working on that active connection, they will receive an error.<a name='more'></a><br />
<p>To bring a database to the single user mode, use the following query:<br />
<pre class="brush:html">ALTER DATABASE DATABASENAME SET SINGLE_USER</pre>Users those already connected to the db when you run this command, they will not be disconnected. Instead the 'SET SINGLE_USER' command will wait till the others have disconnected. <p>If you want to override this scenario and forcefully disconnect other users, then use the following query:<pre class="brush:html">ALTER DATABASE DATABASENAME SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE</pre>OK now your database immediately move to the single user mode.<p>Now After completion of your maintenance task you need to go back to multiuser mode by applying another TSQL command which is given below:<pre class="brush:html">ALTER DATABASE DATABASENAME SET MULTI_USER</pre>If you get the following error:<pre>"Msg 5064, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Changes to the state or options of database '___' cannot be made at this time. The database is in single-user mode, and a user is currently connected to it.
Msg 5069, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
ALTER DATABASE statement failed."</pre>Use SP_Who (or SP_Who2 for more detailed info) to find the session ID of the active connection to the database:<pre class="brush:html">EXEC sp_who</pre>- or - <pre class="brush:html">EXEC sp_who2</pre>Terminate the connection with:<br />
<pre class="brush:html">KILL [session id]</pre>Then do the Alter Database command you tried.<br />
<h2>Set Offline</h2>Set Offline prevents anyone, even administrators, from re-connecting:<br />
<pre class="brush:html">use master
alter database MyDatabase set offline with rollback immediate</pre><h2>Using SQL Server Management Studio (SQL SMS)</h2>When you right click on a database and click Tasks and then click Detach Database, it brings up a dialog with the active connections.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OhA1FqmDnS4/TsAA8BeLWZI/AAAAAAAAA1k/JyhxRtizlIM/s1600/detach-database.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="62" width="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OhA1FqmDnS4/TsAA8BeLWZI/AAAAAAAAA1k/JyhxRtizlIM/s400/detach-database.JPG" /></a></div>By clicking on the hyperlink under "Messages" you can kill the active connections. You can then kill those connections without detaching the database.<br />
<br />
More information on how to Kill All Processes That Have Open Connection in a SQL Server Database using SQL Server Management Studio <a href="http://www.kodyaz.com/articles/kill-all-processes-of-a-database.aspx">here</a>.Ahmedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11398312212097646061noreply@blogger.com0